What are segmental varicose veins?
This is a form of venous leg disease in which there is no vein removal. In this case, there is swelling of the deep veins, or tributaries, with a diameter of 3 mm or more.
The progression of the disease begins with the fact that venous valve function is impaired. This leads to blood reflux. This is called reflux. Violations that occur later cause inflammation and pathological development of the tributary vein wall.
Varicose veins only develop in the veins (the channels that carry blood from the organs to the heart). The reason is the difference in the structure of the veins and arteries: the venous wall does not have enough muscle layers to contract and drive blood through the bloodstream.
There are valves along the entire vein that allow blood to flow in only one direction. With inadequate valve closure, some of the blood returns and creates excess pressure in the vessel, which is unable to push the fluid further.
Subsequently, this causes wall stretching and expansion of inflammatory processes in dysfunctional venous parts, increased pressure on the subcutaneous tissue.
All the veins in the human body are divided into deep, superficial and perforated. Vessels in almost all work (90%) transport blood to the heart, and perforated vessels are a kind of bridge between the deep and the shallow.
The vein structure provides a valve that directs and promotes the outflow of blood only in the right direction. When the circulatory system fails, part of the blood accumulates at one point.
This leads to local (elongated) ship expansion. The first to suffer is a deep vein (called an internal varicose vein), then superficial in the form of a "spider vein and a varicose vein".
For a complete perception of the severity of the disease, it should be noted that its development threatens the development of thrombophlebitis, blockage of the pulmonary arteries with thrombus (or thromboembolism), as well as trophic ulcers in the legs, lymphostasis (lower extremity edema) and many other problems that can cause patientsdeath that causes the patient to die.
It has been shown that risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of developing pathology are:
Varicose veins in the legs, which lead to varicose veins, occur for many reasons.
One of the main causes of this type of varicose veins is pathology in the expansion of blood vessels, when the walls of the venous muscles become denser and so-called membranes form in them. Arterial blood does not enter the capillary system, therefore the tissue does not receive the required amount of oxygen.
Dilated arm veins are rarely removed, usually conservative treatment is used:
Compression sleeves and gloves are also prescribed for patients. It is not recommended to wear compression socks all the time, but during sports, doing strenuous physical activity and lifting weights, it is necessary.
These sleeves and gloves help relieve swelling, heaviness and numbness in the hands. Exercising in a stepper simulator helps improve blood circulation throughout the body, which is needed for varicose veins.
One of the reasons for its development is heredity. Moreover, "family" disease is transmitted mainly through the female canal. Structural characteristics of blood vessels are transmitted through genes. Without adhering to the basic rules of prevention, with a weak vein wall, you can get varicose veins.
The second reason is pregnancy. At this time, a large load on the veins, the tone decreases due to changes in the hormonal background. Strong pressure is given by the growing uterus and the weight increases. Childbirth has a greater negative effect on the veins. It is during this time that varicose veins arise in many women.
Uncomfortable shoes and clothing are another reason. Skinny jeans and shoes, high heels, heavy bags lead to serious illness. The heel should not exceed four centimeters. The soles of the shoes are wide.
The fourth reason is bad habits and difficult working conditions. Waitresses, hairdressers, salesmen are very susceptible to such diseases. If you add the wrong diet, smoke, then the expansion of the veins is inevitable. Even harmless "cross-legged" sitting can lead to bad consequences.
The sports load must be moderate. Varicose veins are common in weight loss. Barbell lifting and strength training are another reason. If we add propensity to this, then the result is unpleasant. Keep in mind that fitness is not always beneficial.
The most common type of varicose veins is varicose veins in the legs, so many people think that the problem is only focused on this part of the body. But there are several types of this disease, which are distinguished by pathological locations.
Such places are:
Varicose veins or varicose veins are diseases in which blood flow is disrupted due to thinning and loss of elasticity of the venous wall. The disease does not appear suddenly, it is preceded by many factors.
The main thing is the congestion of blood in the toes due to an inactive lifestyle. First, unexplained vascular "nets" and "stars" appear at the feet.
Then, if you do not start treatment, the veins become denser, let the fluid flow, because of this, the blood circulation becomes slower and large prominent veins appear in the legs. There are different types of varicose veins depending on how the disease develops.
Varicose veins are not only a cosmetic defect, but also a serious illness with complications. Complications of varicose veins include: thrombophlebitis, bleeding, skin pigmentation in areas with varicose veins, lack of oxygen in the tissues.
This disease must be treated as soon as the first symptoms appear, then the treatment is easier and faster. Before starting treatment, you need a diagnosis of varicose veins, you need to donate blood for testing and undergo a general examination.
Diagnostics is needed to determine the type of varicose veins and prescribe effective treatment to relieve unpleasant symptoms, restore lightness and beauty in the legs.
Types of varicose veins are classified according to the severity of the disease and the location of the varicose veins. The symptoms and treatment of each type of varicose vein also differ from each other. Let's take a closer look at what types of varicose veins are, their symptoms and methods of treatment.
Varicose veins in the legs
Every year, more and more cases of varicose veins are recorded, especially among young people. But a few decades ago, varicose veins were considered a nuisance in the elderly.
Thus, modern experts have developed a classification system for the main and most common types of diseases. The types of varicose veins in the legs vary in their symptoms, location and rate of development.
The structure of the venous system is very complex and includes large, medium, small, capillary reticular vessels.
Deformation of the veins in the lower part of the foot can manifest itself in all parts of this system, and in some areas.
Based on which vessels have undergone changes, the following types of varicose veins in the legs are analyzed:
Each type of varicose vein in the lower leg requires detailed consideration due to the uniqueness of the pathological process.
This type of disease is characterized by damage to the reticular veins, the diameter of which is not more than 2 mm. These ships are blue or green and are often intertwined in the form of nets, lines, stars. They are located just under the skin.
The whole course of the disease is usually divided into four stages, each of which is characterized by certain signs:
Varicose veins have several stages. If treatment is not started on time, then the transition of the disease to the next stage is inevitable.
Varicose vein level treatment is different. If in the first stage the patient can be helped with drug therapy, ointments, vitamins and exercises on a simulator such as a stepper, then it will require more time and effort to relieve the symptoms to the next level.
In the last stage, only surgery can help. True, modern methods of treating varicose veins are very effective, painless and do not require long-term recovery.
Such operations are performed in a hospital, do not require patient treatment in a hospital and do not cause complications.
Patients whose work is related to vigorous physical exercise or by sitting continuously in a risky place. Depending on the degree and type of varicose veins, doctors individually prescribe treatment.
When varicose veins in the legs are diagnosed in the first stage, it responds to treatment very quickly, the doctor gives a positive prognosis. Therefore, when the first symptoms of discomfort appear in the legs, arms or other body organs, it is very important to immediately contact a qualified specialist who will qualitatively diagnose the pathology and prescribe the treatment that suits you according to your individual characteristics and body structure.
Stages 1 and 2 of varicose veins in the legs do not require radical therapy. Prescribe medication with medications, and also recommend products that support the walls of blood vessels, this can be in the form of vitamins, trace elements, minerals and other useful substances that are lacking in the body.
In addition to pharmacological treatment, sclerotherapy is very often used - a medical method, in which the victim is injected with a drug into the affected vein to attach to the affected area.
The appointment of special physical exercises that stimulate the work of the muscular system, metabolism in blood cells and artificially improve the tone of the foot vessels.
Regardless of the type and type of varicose veins, this is the pathology of the veins, caused by improper lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Daily moderate physical activity and enriched food intake will provide prevention of this disease to everyone.
Grade 1 varicose veins are characterized by the absence of external manifestations. You can suspect the onset of the disease with the following symptoms:
Some patients suffer from restless legs syndrome - lying in bed, a person can not find a comfortable position, there is discomfort in the legs. This leads to sleep disorders. An increase in symptoms is observed in hot weather.
With class 2 varicose veins, the symptoms are much more pronounced. They appear to be at the peak of the working day, and in the evening they reach their maximum. The pain was so severe that pain medication was needed.
This level is characterized by the appearance of clinical signs:
In this area, there is an increase in pain and itching. By the end of the second stage of varicose veins in the lower part of the leg, the veins become visible under the skin in the form of spots and blue lines.
Warning: At this stage, the disease can still be cured. A person can get rid of this disease if they get timely medical help.
Grade 3 varicose veins are characterized by significant vascular wall deformation - they thicken, and the ducts become constricted. The veins stand out significantly under the skin, resembling bunches of grapes in their appearance.
The person is worried about severe leg pain, cramps, fatigue. Swelling appears in the evening and morning. This stage of varicose veins is characterized by changes in the condition of the skin. It becomes dry and damp. This manifestation is very noticeable in the area of the deformed vein.
Symptoms of the third stage of varicose veins in the legs
In the third stage, complications of the disease develop - thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism. Their appearance is associated with obvious blood stasis in the blood vessels, as a result of which blood clots form. With thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the venous wall occurs, which is indicated by an increase in temperature and severe pain in the legs.
Thromboembolism is a dangerous complication of varicose veins, which is associated with the separation of thrombus from the venous wall and into the large canal. Often, blood clots from the veins of the legs enter the pulmonary arteries. This causes pulmonary edema and death occurs within minutes.
This is a leg varicose vein that has been ignored. The veins are more deformed, resembling a tie or strap under the skin. Touching them hurts, they are almost always at the stage of inflammation. Lymphostasis develops - lymphatic stagnation in the ducts. The feet are very swollen, and the swelling does not subside even at rest.
The world community of scientists has modeled the manifestations of varicose veins on the lower legs.
Given the patient's attention to his or her own state of health, it is impossible to ignore the onset of the disease.
As the disease progresses, the patient will experience more pain, a constant sensation of traction in the knee area.
If varicose veins in the throat of level 2 are found - a person can not eat normally, he will always experience heartburn and pain in the chest area. By the way, many blame cardiac and intercostal neuralgia for this - rarely does anyone know about the existence of esophageal varicose veins.
Visually, the disease is becoming more prevalent: prominent blue veins are already visible to the naked eye, the appearance of dark blue nodules under the skin is possible.
Do you need surgery for class 2 varicose veins? It is still possible to prevent the development of the disease without surgical intervention: you do not have to be lazy and always take care of your feet.
Often the disease appears in men after fifty years. The cause of male infertility can be the expansion of spermatic cord veins.
Varicose veins develop gradually. Initially, structural changes in the veins have no external manifestations, and the disease can only be determined by the following signs:
One of the listed signs or the appearance of their joints indicates an early stage of venous insufficiency. Seeking medical treatment and taking timely measures can prevent further structural changes in the circulatory system. Ignoring the symptoms of the disease leads to the development of the disease.
The next stage is marked by the appearance of external signs: dilated ducts become visible on the skin, in some areas at the bottom of the feet, skin pigmentation changes, and exfoliation is observed. Next, knots and seals protruding above the skin appear, and when pressed, pain is felt.
Sometimes redness appears on the surface of the skin in these places. Prominent blood vessels and nodes are clearly visible if the patient is standing. After taking a lying position, the tension of the vessel decreases significantly and is practically invisible. Long-term walking can cause muscle pain of varying intensity.
The clinical picture described requires immediate visit to a specialist and qualified assistance. Lack of necessary treatment in most cases causes serious complications.
Pathology is identified using diagnostic methods such as Doppler ultrasonography and duplex scanning.
Doppler ultrasonography detects reflux. Duplex scanning completes the information obtained during Doppler imaging and allows you to confirm the diagnosis.
In the early stages, only a specialist can identify varicose veins. If you suspect a disease, you should contact a vascular surgeon or a phlebologist. After an initial examination and examination of the patient, additional studies are prescribed - ultrasound and contrast venography.
With the help of ultrasound examination it is possible to confirm the presence of pathology, as well as to prove the presence of blood clots, neoplasms and to assess structural changes in the veins. Contrast venography is performed by giving a special coloring composition intravenously, due to the movement of which all violations of the structure and function of the circulatory system are expressed.
Both methods are used in diagnosis, however, due to less painful procedures, ultrasound is performed more frequently.
This disease can be treated with medication, as well as with surgery.
Ointments and creams for external use are used in conservative therapy:
The duration of use of topical preparations depends on the severity of the varicose veins and is determined by the attending physician. Usually the effect can be seen at the beginning of the second week of use.
In addition to medications, patients also prescribe the use of compression pants (grades 1-2).
Varicose veins in the lower extremities are one of the most common vascular pathologies and according to statistical data, they are getting younger year by year.